Telegraphy.



No. 781,823. PATENTED FEB. 7, 1905. W. G. A. HAMMEL & J. W. GORE.

TELBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED BEER-4.1900.

76w f1: olgVENTORS "6 w v. of" I' Attorney UNITED STATES Patented February '7, 1905,

PATENT OFFICE,

JOSHUA \YALKER GORE, OF CHAPELHILL, NORTH CAROLINA.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,823, dated February 7, 1905.

7 Application filed September 4, 1900. Serial No. 28,941.

To (ti/ who! it may concern-.-

Be it known that we, \VILLiAu OrmnLEs ADAM HAMMEL, of Baltimore, State of Maryland, and .losnna \VALKER GORE, of Chapelhill, in the county of Orange, State of North Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraphy; and we do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to an improvement in telegraphy, the object of the invention being to provide a simple system of circuits and devices more particularly for the transmission of signals or messages between moving trains and stations along the road.

\Vith this object in view the invention consists in certain novel features of construction, combinations, and arrangements of circuits and devices, as hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating our invention. Fig. is a diagrammatic view illustrating our invention as applied to railroad telegraphy and showing the arrangement of circuits and devices on a train and at a station.

A represents a conductor, which may be the ordinary telegraph-wire strung on poles near a railroad-track and constitutes part of a continuous electrical circuit, including a battery 1 or other generator such as now commonly used on telegraph-lines and an ordinary telegraph-key 2 for making and breaking the circuit.

A conductor 3 (or a parallel series of such conductors electrically connected together at one end) is disposed in proximity to the line conductor A. When our improvement is applied to railroad telegraphy, the conductor 3 will be placed on the top of one of the cars of the train and insulated from the car. In the car a coherer B is located and consists of a glass tube 4, into which two metal electrodes a? (rods) project, metal filings being disposed in the tube between the ends of the electrodes. The outer ends of the electrodes may be conveniently supported by metal posts or standards 5 6. The post or standard 5 is connected by a wire 7 with one end of the conductm' 3 on the car-root, the other end of said conductor being free and preferably provided with an enlargement 8, and the other post or standard, 6, is connected by a wire 9 with a condenser or the earth. The'cohercr is also included in circuit with a relay 10, as follows: One end of the coil of the relay-magnet ll connected by a conductor 12 with the post 5 of the coherer, and the other end of said coil is connected by a wire 13 with one pole of a battery let, the other pole of said battery being connected by a wire 15 with the post 6 of the coherer. A springrctained arm 16 is pivotally mounted in front of the magnet 11 and provided with an armature 17. The free end of the arm 16 is adapted to operate between contact-blocks 18 19, and the contact-block 19 is connected by a wire 20 with one terminal of a battery 21, the other terminal of said battery being connected by a wire 22 with a contact-spring 23. The spring 23 is normally in electrical contact with a springarm 2 t, provided at a point between its ends with an armature 25, to be actuated by an electromagnet 26, and the free end of said springarm is provided with a hammer 27, disposed normally between the coherer and a bell 28. Arm 2a is connected with magnet 26, and the latter is connected by wire 29 with arm 16.

hen the circuit including the line conductor A, the battery 1, and key 2 is closed and also when opened by operating said key, current will start or stop in the conductor A, and in either case cause, by inductive influence on the neighboring conductor 3, an increase of the potential between the electrodes of coherersul'licient to cause the filings to cohere, allowing the current from the battery 14: to How through the coherer and to energize the rclayanagnet 11. The arm 16 ot' the relay being now actuated will make contact with the block 19 and close the circuit of battery 21 to energize the magnet 26, which will now actuate the arm 2% and cause the hammer thereon to strike the bell 28. \Vhen the arm l t thus moves toward the magnet 26, it will leave the contact-arm 23, and thus open the circuit of battery 21. The arm 2A will therefore be immediately released by the magnet and in its return movement again make contact with the arm 23, the arms 23 and 2A and the magnet 26 thus forming a rheotome; but simultaneously with the reestablishment of the local circuit through the battery 21 by the return of the arm 24 the hammer 2'7 will strike the coherer, disturb the filings therein, and thus open the relay-circuit and cause the deenergizing of the magnet 26 by the action of the relay opening the local circuit including said magnet. The apparatus will then be inactive until another electrical impulse is sent over the main conductor A, when the actions above described will be repeated.

e have thus far described means for transmitting signals to a moving train from a station on the road; but our invention is also applicable for sending signals or messages from the train to stations on the road.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings we have illustrated diagrammatically a system including sending and receiving devices for a train and also for a station on the road. The receiving devices on the train and also those at the station as illustrated in this figure are precisely the same as before described, and hence a further detail description of these devices is unnecessary. For sending a signal or message from the train to a station we proposeto employ a conductor 27 on the top of one of the cars of the train, so that it will be in proximity to the line conductor A and connect the ends of said conductor 27 in circuit with a battery 28 and a key 29 in the train, so that when an electrical impulse is started or stopped in the conductor 27 an increase in potential will be caused between the electrodes of the coherer connected to line conductor A, which will enable the current of the relay-circuit to pass through the filings and cause the operation of the receiving devices at the station in the manner before described. At each station we provide a switch 30, having blocks 31 and 32 connected with the terminals of the divided line conductor. A block 33 is located between the blocks 31 and 32 and is connected by a wire 34 with one of the electrodes of the coherer, the other electrode being connected with the ground or terminating in metal ball or condenser. A block 35 is located in proximity to the blocks 31 and 32 and is connected with the ground by a wire 36. Two other blocks, 37 38, are locatedin proximity to the blocks 31 32 and are both connected with the lever of a key 39. The contact-point of said key is connected with one terminal of abattery 40, and the other terminal of said battery is connected with the ground. Should it be desired to send a message from the station to a train to the left of the station, the operator will insert a plug to electrically connect the blocks 32 38 of the switch (the other end of line-wire A being connected to the ground) and then by operating the key 39 cause electrical impulses to traverse the line conductor A toiactuate the receiving apparatus onthe car, as before eX- plained. Should the operator desire to receive a message from a train to the left of the station. he would place a plug between the blocks 33 32 of the switch, so as to include his receiving apparatus in circuit with the line-wire to the left of the station, (the other end of line A being connected to ground.) Should the station operator wish to communicate with a train to the right of the station, he would include his key and battery in circuit with that portion of the main line to the right of the station by inserting a plug between the blocks 31 37 of the switch, and to include his receiver in circuit with the righthand side of the main line he will insert a plug between the blocks 33 and 31. The side of the main line not in use may be grounded by placing a plug between the block 35 and the blocks 31 or 32.

Any form of telegraphic sounder or recording device may be used in place of electric bell described, provision being made for keeping coherer sensitive.

Having fully described our invention, What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line conductor and manually-operated means for causing electrical impulses to pass over the same, of a second, short, traveling conductor arranged in such proximity to the line conductor as to be within inductive relation thereto, a coherer, a conductor connecting one terminal of said coherer with the second conductor, a grounded conductor connected With the other terminal of the coherer, a local relay-circuit connected with the respective terminals of the coherer, andsignaling devices controlled by said relay-circuit.

2. A telegraph system, comprising a line conductor, a permanent station, a manuallyoperated interrupter and a coherer at the permanent station, means for including either in the circuit of the line conductor, a relay-circuit controlled by the coherer, a signal controlled by the relay-circuit, a traveling station, a short conductor carried thereby Within inductive relation to the line conductor, a

- coherer carried by the traveling station and for sending induced electrical impulses over the same, of a switch included in the line-circuit, a coherer connected with said switch, signaling devices controlled by said coherer and a key including said switch and a battery and a ground connection for the switch, whereby the key or the coherer can be included in circuit with either side of the line.

i. The combination with a main line, of two auxiliary lines having inductive relation to the main line, a coherer connected with one auxiliary line, signaling devices controlled by said coherer, means for causing electrical impulses to flow over the main line, a battery and a key connected in circuit with the other auxiliary line, a coherer connected with the main line and signaling devices controlled by said coherer.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses WHILIAH CHARLES ADAM lLUIMEL. JOSHUA WALKER GORE.

\Vitnesses to signature of \Villiam Charles Adam Hammel:

R. B. CUNNINGHAM, (J. J. MA'r'riIr-nvs. WVitnesses to signature of Joshua \Valker Gore:

CHAS. \V. BROWN, JAS. H; \V. A'IARRIQTT- 

